By Ryan Woo
BEIJING (Reuters) -The&nbsp;youngest-ever&nbsp;crew&nbsp;of Chinese&nbsp;astronauts&nbsp;departed for&nbsp;China's&nbsp;space&nbsp;station&nbsp;on Thursday, paving the way for a new generation of "taikonauts" to advance the country's&nbsp;space&nbsp;ambitions in the future.
The&nbsp;spacecraft Shenzhou-17, or "Divine Vessel", and its three passengers lifted off atop a Long March-2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China.
Leading the six-month mission was former air force pilot Tang Hongbo, 48, who was on the first&nbsp;crewed mission to the&nbsp;space&nbsp;station&nbsp;in 2021.
His return to the orbiting outpost Tiangong, or "Celestial Palace" in Chinese, also set a new record for the shortest interval between two&nbsp;spaceflight missions by taikonauts - coined from the Chinese word for&nbsp;space&nbsp;- suggesting a faster rotation of taikonauts in coming years.
Tang, from&nbsp;China's&nbsp;second batch of&nbsp;astronauts&nbsp;in 2010, had to wait more than a decade before he was picked for his inaugural&nbsp;spaceflight in 2021.
By contrast, his fellow Shenzhou-17&nbsp;crew&nbsp;members Tang Shengjie, 33, and Jiang Xinlin, 35, both travelling to&nbsp;space&nbsp;for the first time, joined&nbsp;China's&nbsp;third batch of&nbsp;astronauts&nbsp;in September 2020.
China has already kickstarted the selection process for the fourth batch of&nbsp;astronauts, seeking candidates with doctoral degrees in disciplines from biology, physics and chemistry to biomedical engineering and astronomy.
It is also opening the process to applicants from Hong Kong and Macau for the first time.
The first and second batches of&nbsp;astronauts&nbsp;were all former air force pilots, like Tang, who joined the People's Liberation Army in 1995 at age 20.
FOREIGN&nbsp;ASTRONAUTS
The selection and training process will commence soon for foreign&nbsp;astronauts&nbsp;looking to participate in joint flights to Tiangong, a senior official on&nbsp;China's&nbsp;manned&nbsp;space&nbsp;program said this year.
But as much as China is showcasing its efforts to internationalise its&nbsp;space&nbsp;missions, its&nbsp;space&nbsp;program has distinct Chinese characteristics, at least on Tiangong.
In a departure from the NASA-led International&nbsp;Space&nbsp;Station&nbsp;(ISS), where English is the working language, only Chinese is used on Tiangong, making Chinese-language skills a key criteria for foreign participants.
Tiangong has become a symbol of&nbsp;China's&nbsp;growing confidence in its&nbsp;space&nbsp;endeavours after being shut out of the ISS program for decades. China is banned by U.S. law from any collaboration, direct or indirect, with NASA.
Tiangong, completed in late 2022, can house a maximum of three&nbsp;astronauts&nbsp;at an orbital altitude of up to 450 km (280 miles) and will have an operational lifespan of more than 15 years.
The Shenzhou-17&nbsp;astronauts&nbsp;will replace the Shenzhou-16&nbsp;crew, who arrived at Tiangong at the end of May.
The Shenzhou-16&nbsp;crew, consisting of veteran astronaut Jing Haipeng, Zhu Yangzhu and Gui Haichao, is scheduled to return to earth on Oct. 31.
Zhu and Gui, both in their 30s, are from&nbsp;China's&nbsp;third batch of&nbsp;astronauts.
Shenzhou-17 marks&nbsp;China's&nbsp;12th&nbsp;crewed mission since Yang Liwei's solo&nbsp;spaceflight in October 2003, the first Chinese national in&nbsp;space.
(Reporting by Ryan Woo; Editing by Tom Hogue and Gerry Doyle)

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